> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://bryan-guner.gitbook.io/my-docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://bryan-guner.gitbook.io/my-docs/redux/docs-12/md-docs/compose.md).

# compose

[**Redux**](https://redux.js.org/)

[Getting Started](https://redux.js.org/introduction/getting-started)[Tutorial](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/essentials/part-1-overview-concepts)[API](https://redux.js.org/api/api-reference)[FAQ](https://redux.js.org/faq)[Best Practices](https://redux.js.org/style-guide/style-guide)[GitHub](https://www.github.com/reduxjs/redux)[Need help?](https://redux.js.org/introduction/getting-started#help-and-discussion)

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[**Redux**](https://redux.js.org/)

* [Getting Started](https://redux.js.org/introduction/getting-started)
* [Tutorial](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/essentials/part-1-overview-concepts)
* [API](https://redux.js.org/api/api-reference)
* [FAQ](https://redux.js.org/faq)
* [Best Practices](https://redux.js.org/style-guide/style-guide)
* [GitHub](https://www.github.com/reduxjs/redux)
* [Need help?](https://redux.js.org/introduction/getting-started#help-and-discussion)
* [Introduction](#!)
  * [Getting Started with Redux](https://redux.js.org/introduction/getting-started)
  * [Installation](https://redux.js.org/introduction/installation)
  * [Core Concepts](https://redux.js.org/introduction/core-concepts)
  * [Learning Resources](https://redux.js.org/introduction/learning-resources)
  * [Ecosystem](https://redux.js.org/introduction/ecosystem)
  * [Examples](https://redux.js.org/introduction/examples)
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  * [Redux Essentials](#!)
    * [Redux Overview and Concepts](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/essentials/part-1-overview-concepts)
    * [Redux App Structure](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/essentials/part-2-app-structure)
    * [Basic Redux Data Flow](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/essentials/part-3-data-flow)
    * [Using Redux Data](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/essentials/part-4-using-data)
    * [Async Logic and Data Fetching](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/essentials/part-5-async-logic)
    * [Performance and Normalizing Data](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/essentials/part-6-performance-normalization)
  * [Redux Fundamentals](#!)
    * [Redux Overview](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/fundamentals/part-1-overview)
    * [Redux Concepts and Data Flow](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/fundamentals/part-2-concepts-data-flow)
    * [State, Actions, and Reducers](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/fundamentals/part-3-state-actions-reducers)
    * [Store](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/fundamentals/part-4-store)
    * [UI and React](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/fundamentals/part-5-ui-react)
    * [Async Logic and Data Fetching](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/fundamentals/part-6-async-logic)
    * [Standard Redux Patterns](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/fundamentals/part-7-standard-patterns)
    * [Modern Redux with Redux Toolkit](https://redux.js.org/tutorials/fundamentals/part-8-modern-redux)
* [Recipes](#!)
  * [Recipes: Index](https://redux.js.org/recipes/recipe-index)
  * [Configuring Your Store](https://redux.js.org/recipes/configuring-your-store)
  * [Usage With TypeScript](https://redux.js.org/recipes/usage-with-typescript)
  * [Migrating to Redux](https://redux.js.org/recipes/migrating-to-redux)
  * [Using Object Spread Operator](https://redux.js.org/recipes/using-object-spread-operator)
  * [Reducing Boilerplate](https://redux.js.org/recipes/reducing-boilerplate)
  * [Server Rendering](https://redux.js.org/recipes/server-rendering)
  * [Writing Tests](https://redux.js.org/recipes/writing-tests)
  * [Computing Derived Data](https://redux.js.org/recipes/computing-derived-data)
  * [Implementing Undo History](https://redux.js.org/recipes/implementing-undo-history)
  * [Isolating Redux Sub-Apps](https://redux.js.org/recipes/isolating-redux-sub-apps)
  * [Code Splitting](https://redux.js.org/recipes/code-splitting)
  * [Troubleshooting](https://redux.js.org/recipes/troubleshooting)
  * [Structuring Reducers](#!)
    * [Structuring Reducers](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/structuring-reducers)
    * [Prerequisite Concepts](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/prerequisite-concepts)
    * [Basic Reducer Structure](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/basic-reducer-structure)
    * [Splitting Reducer Logic](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/splitting-reducer-logic)
    * [Refactoring Reducers Example](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/refactoring-reducer-example)
    * [Using combineReducers](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/using-combinereducers)
    * [Beyond combineReducers](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/beyond-combinereducers)
    * [Normalizing State Shape](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/normalizing-state-shape)
    * [Updating Normalized Data](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/updating-normalized-data)
    * [Reusing Reducer Logic](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/reusing-reducer-logic)
    * [Immutable Update Patterns](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/immutable-update-patterns)
    * [Initializing State](https://redux.js.org/recipes/structuring-reducers/initializing-state)
* [Understanding Redux](#!)
  * [Thinking in Redux](#!)
    * [Motivation](https://redux.js.org/understanding/thinking-in-redux/motivation)
    * [Three Principles](https://redux.js.org/understanding/thinking-in-redux/three-principles)
    * [Glossary](https://redux.js.org/understanding/thinking-in-redux/glossary)
  * [History and Design](#!)
    * [Prior Art](https://redux.js.org/understanding/history-and-design/prior-art)
    * [Middleware](https://redux.js.org/understanding/history-and-design/middleware)
* [FAQ](#!)
  * [FAQ Index](https://redux.js.org/faq)
  * [General](https://redux.js.org/faq/general)
  * [Reducers](https://redux.js.org/faq/reducers)
  * [Organizing State](https://redux.js.org/faq/organizing-state)
  * [Store Setup](https://redux.js.org/faq/store-setup)
  * [Actions](https://redux.js.org/faq/actions)
  * [Immutable Data](https://redux.js.org/faq/immutable-data)
  * [Code Structure](https://redux.js.org/faq/code-structure)
  * [Performance](https://redux.js.org/faq/performance)
  * [Design Decisions](https://redux.js.org/faq/design-decisions)
  * [React Redux](https://redux.js.org/faq/react-redux)
  * [Miscellaneous](https://redux.js.org/faq/miscellaneous)
* [Style Guide](#!)
  * [Style Guide: Best Practices](https://redux.js.org/style-guide/style-guide)
* [API Reference](#!)
  * [API Reference](https://redux.js.org/api/api-reference)
  * [createStore](https://redux.js.org/api/createstore)
  * [Store](https://redux.js.org/api/store)
  * [combineReducers](https://redux.js.org/api/combinereducers)
  * [applyMiddleware](https://redux.js.org/api/applymiddleware)
  * [bindActionCreators](https://redux.js.org/api/bindactioncreators)
  * [compose](https://redux.js.org/api/compose)
* [Redux Toolkit](#!)
  * [Redux Toolkit: Overview](https://redux.js.org/redux-toolkit/overview)

## `compose(...functions)`[#](#composefunctions)

Composes functions from right to left.

This is a functional programming utility, and is included in Redux as a convenience. You might want to use it to apply several [store enhancers](https://redux.js.org/understanding/thinking-in-redux/glossary#store-enhancer) in a row.

**Arguments**[**#**](#arguments)

1. (*arguments*): The functions to compose. Each function is expected to accept a single parameter. Its return value will be provided as an argument to the function standing to the left, and so on. The exception is the right-most argument which can accept multiple parameters, as it will provide the signature for the resulting composed function.

**Returns**[**#**](#returns)

(*Function*): The final function obtained by composing the given functions from right to left.

**Example**[**#**](#example)

This example demonstrates how to use `compose` to enhance a [store](https://redux.js.org/api/store) with [`applyMiddleware`](https://redux.js.org/api/applymiddleware) and a few developer tools from the [redux-devtools](https://github.com/reduxjs/redux-devtools) package.

import { createStore, applyMiddleware, compose } from 'redux'

import thunk from 'redux-thunk'

import DevTools from './containers/DevTools'

import reducer from '../reducers'

const store = createStore(

reducer,

compose(applyMiddleware(thunk), DevTools.instrument())

)

Copy

**Tips**[**#**](#tips)

* All `compose` does is let you write deeply nested function transformations without the rightward drift of the code. Don't give it too much credit!

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