> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://bryan-guner.gitbook.io/my-docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://bryan-guner.gitbook.io/my-docs/pythonnotes/quick-reference/python-module-index.md). # Python Module Index: ## Python Module Index [**\_**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-_) | [**a**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-a) | [**b**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-b) | [**c**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-c) | [**d**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-d) | [**e**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-e) | [**f**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-f) | [**g**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-g) | [**h**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-h) | [**i**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-i) | [**j**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-j) | [**k**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-k) | [**l**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-l) | [**m**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-m) | [**n**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-n) | [**o**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-o) | [**p**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-p) | [**q**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-q) | [**r**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-r) | [**s**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-s) | [**t**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-t) | [**u**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-u) | [**v**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-v) | [**w**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-w) | [**x**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-x) | [**z**](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html#cap-z) | | | | | ------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | **\_** | | | | [`__future__`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/__future__.html#module-__future__) | *Future statement definitions* | | | [`__main__`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/__main__.html#module-__main__) | *The environment where the top-level script is run.* | | | [`_thread`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/_thread.html#module-_thread) | *Low-level threading API.* | | | | | | | **a** | | | | [`abc`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/abc.html#module-abc) | *Abstract base classes according to :pep:\`3119\`.* | | | [`aifc`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/aifc.html#module-aifc) | *Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format.* | | | [`argparse`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html#module-argparse) | *Command-line option and argument parsing library.* | | | [`array`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html#module-array) | *Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values.* | | | [`ast`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ast.html#module-ast) | *Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation.* | | | [`asynchat`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asynchat.html#module-asynchat) | *Support for asynchronous command/response protocols.* | | | [`asyncio`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html#module-asyncio) | *Asynchronous I/O.* | | | [`asyncore`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncore.html#module-asyncore) | *A base class for developing asynchronous socket handling services.* | | | [`atexit`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/atexit.html#module-atexit) | *Register and execute cleanup functions.* | | | [`audioop`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/audioop.html#module-audioop) | *Manipulate raw audio data.* | | | | | | | **b** | | | | [`base64`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/base64.html#module-base64) | *RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings; Base85 and Ascii85* | | | [`bdb`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/bdb.html#module-bdb) | *Debugger framework.* | | | [`binascii`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/binascii.html#module-binascii) | *Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations.* | | | [`binhex`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/binhex.html#module-binhex) | *Encode and decode files in binhex4 format.* | | | [`bisect`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/bisect.html#module-bisect) | *Array bisection algorithms for binary searching.* | | | [`builtins`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/builtins.html#module-builtins) | *The module that provides the built-in namespace.* | | | [`bz2`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/bz2.html#module-bz2) | *Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression.* | | | | | | | **c** | | | | [`calendar`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/calendar.html#module-calendar) | *Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program.* | | | [`cgi`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/cgi.html#module-cgi) | *Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface.* | | | [`cgitb`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/cgitb.html#module-cgitb) | *Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts.* | | | [`chunk`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/chunk.html#module-chunk) | *Module to read IFF chunks.* | | | [`cmath`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/cmath.html#module-cmath) | *Mathematical functions for complex numbers.* | | | [`cmd`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/cmd.html#module-cmd) | *Build line-oriented command interpreters.* | | | [`code`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/code.html#module-code) | *Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops.* | | | [`codecs`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#module-codecs) | *Encode and decode data and streams.* | | | [`codeop`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/codeop.html#module-codeop) | *Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`collections`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#module-collections) | *Container datatypes* | | | [`colorsys`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/colorsys.html#module-colorsys) | *Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems.* | | | [`compileall`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/compileall.html#module-compileall) | *Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | `concurrent` | | | | [`configparser`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html#module-configparser) | *Configuration file parser.* | | | [`contextlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html#module-contextlib) | *Utilities for with-statement contexts.* | | | [`contextvars`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextvars.html#module-contextvars) | *Context Variables* | | | [`copy`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/copy.html#module-copy) | *Shallow and deep copy operations.* | | | [`copyreg`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/copyreg.html#module-copyreg) | *Register pickle support functions.* | | | [`cProfile`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/profile.html#module-cProfile) | | | | [`crypt`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/crypt.html#module-crypt) *(Unix)* | *The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords.* | | | [`csv`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html#module-csv) | *Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files.* | | | [`ctypes`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#module-ctypes) | *A foreign function library for Python.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`curses`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/curses.html#module-curses) *(Unix)* | *An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling.* | | | | | | | **d** | | | | [`dataclasses`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses) | *Generate special methods on user-defined classes.* | | | [`datetime`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#module-datetime) | *Basic date and time types.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`dbm`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/dbm.html#module-dbm) | *Interfaces to various Unix "database" formats.* | | | [`decimal`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html#module-decimal) | *Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification.* | | | [`difflib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html#module-difflib) | *Helpers for computing differences between objects.* | | | [`dis`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/dis.html#module-dis) | *Disassembler for Python bytecode.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`distutils`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/distutils.html#module-distutils) | *Support for building and installing Python modules into an existing Python installation.* | | | [`doctest`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/doctest.html#module-doctest) | *Test pieces of code within docstrings.* | | | | | | | **e** | | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`email`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.html#module-email) | *Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | `encodings` | | | | [`ensurepip`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ensurepip.html#module-ensurepip) | *Bootstrapping the "pip" installer into an existing Python installation or virtual environment.* | | | [`enum`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html#module-enum) | *Implementation of an enumeration class.* | | | [`errno`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/errno.html#module-errno) | *Standard errno system symbols.* | | | | | | | **f** | | | | [`faulthandler`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/faulthandler.html#module-faulthandler) | *Dump the Python traceback.* | | | [`fcntl`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/fcntl.html#module-fcntl) *(Unix)* | *The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls.* | | | [`filecmp`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/filecmp.html#module-filecmp) | *Compare files efficiently.* | | | [`fileinput`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/fileinput.html#module-fileinput) | *Loop over standard input or a list of files.* | | | [`fnmatch`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/fnmatch.html#module-fnmatch) | *Unix shell style filename pattern matching.* | | | [`formatter`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/formatter.html#module-formatter) | **Deprecated:** *Generic output formatter and device interface.* | | | [`fractions`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/fractions.html#module-fractions) | *Rational numbers.* | | | [`ftplib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ftplib.html#module-ftplib) | *FTP protocol client (requires sockets).* | | | [`functools`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#module-functools) | *Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.* | | | | | | | **g** | | | | [`gc`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/gc.html#module-gc) | *Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector.* | | | [`getopt`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/getopt.html#module-getopt) | *Portable parser for command line options; support both short and long option names.* | | | [`getpass`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/getpass.html#module-getpass) | *Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid.* | | | [`gettext`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/gettext.html#module-gettext) | *Multilingual internationalization services.* | | | [`glob`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/glob.html#module-glob) | *Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion.* | | | [`graphlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/graphlib.html#module-graphlib) | *Functionality to operate with graph-like structures* | | | [`grp`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/grp.html#module-grp) *(Unix)* | *The group database (getgrnam() and friends).* | | | [`gzip`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/gzip.html#module-gzip) | *Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects.* | | | | | | | **h** | | | | [`hashlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html#module-hashlib) | *Secure hash and message digest algorithms.* | | | [`heapq`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/heapq.html#module-heapq) | *Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue).* | | | [`hmac`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/hmac.html#module-hmac) | *Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`html`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/html.html#module-html) | *Helpers for manipulating HTML.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`http`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.html#module-http) | *HTTP status codes and messages* | | | | | | | **i** | | | | [`imaplib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/imaplib.html#module-imaplib) | *IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets).* | | | [`imghdr`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/imghdr.html#module-imghdr) | *Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream.* | | | [`imp`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/imp.html#module-imp) | **Deprecated:** *Access the implementation of the import statement.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`importlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#module-importlib) | *The implementation of the import machinery.* | | | [`inspect`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#module-inspect) | *Extract information and source code from live objects.* | | | [`io`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html#module-io) | *Core tools for working with streams.* | | | [`ipaddress`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ipaddress.html#module-ipaddress) | *IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library.* | | | [`itertools`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#module-itertools) | *Functions creating iterators for efficient looping.* | | | | | | | **j** | | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`json`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#module-json) | *Encode and decode the JSON format.* | | | | | | | **k** | | | | [`keyword`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/keyword.html#module-keyword) | *Test whether a string is a keyword in Python.* | | | | | | | **l** | | | | [`lib2to3`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/2to3.html#module-lib2to3) | *The 2to3 library* | | | [`linecache`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/linecache.html#module-linecache) | *Provides random access to individual lines from text files.* | | | [`locale`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/locale.html#module-locale) | *Internationalization services.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`logging`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#module-logging) | *Flexible event logging system for applications.* | | | [`lzma`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/lzma.html#module-lzma) | *A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library.* | | | | | | | **m** | | | | [`mailbox`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/mailbox.html#module-mailbox) | *Manipulate mailboxes in various formats* | | | [`mailcap`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/mailcap.html#module-mailcap) | *Mailcap file handling.* | | | [`marshal`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/marshal.html#module-marshal) | *Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different constraints).* | | | [`math`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html#module-math) | *Mathematical functions (sin() etc.).* | | | [`mimetypes`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/mimetypes.html#module-mimetypes) | *Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types.* | | | [`mmap`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/mmap.html#module-mmap) | *Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows.* | | | [`modulefinder`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/modulefinder.html#module-modulefinder) | *Find modules used by a script.* | | | [`msilib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/msilib.html#module-msilib) *(Windows)* | *Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files.* | | | [`msvcrt`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/msvcrt.html#module-msvcrt) *(Windows)* | *Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`multiprocessing`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing) | *Process-based parallelism.* | | | | | | | **n** | | | | [`netrc`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/netrc.html#module-netrc) | *Loading of .netrc files.* | | | [`nis`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/nis.html#module-nis) *(Unix)* | *Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) library.* | | | [`nntplib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/nntplib.html#module-nntplib) | *NNTP protocol client (requires sockets).* | | | [`numbers`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/numbers.html#module-numbers) | *Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.).* | | | | | | | **o** | | | | [`operator`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/operator.html#module-operator) | *Functions corresponding to the standard operators.* | | | [`optparse`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/optparse.html#module-optparse) | **Deprecated:** *Command-line option parsing library.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`os`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#module-os) | *Miscellaneous operating system interfaces.* | | | [`ossaudiodev`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ossaudiodev.html#module-ossaudiodev) *(Linux, FreeBSD)* | *Access to OSS-compatible audio devices.* | | | | | | | **p** | | | | [`parser`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/parser.html#module-parser) | *Access parse trees for Python source code.* | | | [`pathlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#module-pathlib) | *Object-oriented filesystem paths* | | | [`pdb`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pdb.html#module-pdb) | *The Python debugger for interactive interpreters.* | | | [`pickle`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html#module-pickle) | *Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.* | | | [`pickletools`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickletools.html#module-pickletools) | *Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions.* | | | [`pipes`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pipes.html#module-pipes) *(Unix)* | *A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines.* | | | [`pkgutil`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pkgutil.html#module-pkgutil) | *Utilities for the import system.* | | | [`platform`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/platform.html#module-platform) | *Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible.* | | | [`plistlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/plistlib.html#module-plistlib) | *Generate and parse Apple plist files.* | | | [`poplib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/poplib.html#module-poplib) | *POP3 protocol client (requires sockets).* | | | [`posix`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/posix.html#module-posix) *(Unix)* | *The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os).* | | | [`pprint`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pprint.html#module-pprint) | *Data pretty printer.* | | | [`profile`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/profile.html#module-profile) | *Python source profiler.* | | | [`pstats`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/profile.html#module-pstats) | *Statistics object for use with the profiler.* | | | [`pty`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pty.html#module-pty) *(Linux)* | *Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux.* | | | [`pwd`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pwd.html#module-pwd) *(Unix)* | *The password database (getpwnam() and friends).* | | | [`py_compile`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/py_compile.html#module-py_compile) | *Generate byte-code files from Python source files.* | | | [`pyclbr`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pyclbr.html#module-pyclbr) | *Supports information extraction for a Python module browser.* | | | [`pydoc`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pydoc.html#module-pydoc) | *Documentation generator and online help system.* | | | | | | | **q** | | | | [`queue`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/queue.html#module-queue) | *A synchronized queue class.* | | | [`quopri`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/quopri.html#module-quopri) | *Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding.* | | | | | | | **r** | | | | [`random`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html#module-random) | *Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions.* | | | [`re`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#module-re) | *Regular expression operations.* | | | [`readline`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/readline.html#module-readline) *(Unix)* | *GNU readline support for Python.* | | | [`reprlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/reprlib.html#module-reprlib) | *Alternate repr() implementation with size limits.* | | | [`resource`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/resource.html#module-resource) *(Unix)* | *An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process.* | | | [`rlcompleter`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/rlcompleter.html#module-rlcompleter) | *Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library.* | | | [`runpy`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/runpy.html#module-runpy) | *Locate and run Python modules without importing them first.* | | | | | | | **s** | | | | [`sched`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sched.html#module-sched) | *General purpose event scheduler.* | | | [`secrets`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html#module-secrets) | *Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets.* | | | [`select`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/select.html#module-select) | *Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams.* | | | [`selectors`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/selectors.html#module-selectors) | *High-level I/O multiplexing.* | | | [`shelve`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/shelve.html#module-shelve) | *Python object persistence.* | | | [`shlex`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/shlex.html#module-shlex) | *Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages.* | | | [`shutil`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/shutil.html#module-shutil) | *High-level file operations, including copying.* | | | [`signal`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/signal.html#module-signal) | *Set handlers for asynchronous events.* | | | [`site`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/site.html#module-site) | *Module responsible for site-specific configuration.* | | | [`smtpd`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/smtpd.html#module-smtpd) | *A SMTP server implementation in Python.* | | | [`smtplib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/smtplib.html#module-smtplib) | *SMTP protocol client (requires sockets).* | | | [`sndhdr`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sndhdr.html#module-sndhdr) | *Determine type of a sound file.* | | | [`socket`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html#module-socket) | *Low-level networking interface.* | | | [`socketserver`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/socketserver.html#module-socketserver) | *A framework for network servers.* | | | [`spwd`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/spwd.html#module-spwd) *(Unix)* | *The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends).* | | | [`sqlite3`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3) | *A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x.* | | | [`ssl`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ssl.html#module-ssl) | *TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects* | | | [`stat`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stat.html#module-stat) | *Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat().* | | | [`statistics`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/statistics.html#module-statistics) | *Mathematical statistics functions* | | | [`string`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string) | *Common string operations.* | | | [`stringprep`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stringprep.html#module-stringprep) | *String preparation, as per RFC 3453* | | | [`struct`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/struct.html#module-struct) | *Interpret bytes as packed binary data.* | | | [`subprocess`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess) | *Subprocess management.* | | | [`sunau`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sunau.html#module-sunau) | *Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format.* | | | [`symbol`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/symbol.html#module-symbol) | *Constants representing internal nodes of the parse tree.* | | | [`symtable`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/symtable.html#module-symtable) | *Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables.* | | | [`sys`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#module-sys) | *Access system-specific parameters and functions.* | | | [`sysconfig`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sysconfig.html#module-sysconfig) | *Python's configuration information* | | | [`syslog`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/syslog.html#module-syslog) *(Unix)* | *An interface to the Unix syslog library routines.* | | | | | | | **t** | | | | [`tabnanny`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tabnanny.html#module-tabnanny) | *Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python source files in a directory tree.* | | | [`tarfile`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#module-tarfile) | *Read and write tar-format archive files.* | | | [`telnetlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/telnetlib.html#module-telnetlib) | *Telnet client class.* | | | [`tempfile`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tempfile.html#module-tempfile) | *Generate temporary files and directories.* | | | [`termios`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/termios.html#module-termios) *(Unix)* | *POSIX style tty control.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`test`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/test.html#module-test) | *Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python.* | | | [`textwrap`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/textwrap.html#module-textwrap) | *Text wrapping and filling* | | | [`threading`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html#module-threading) | *Thread-based parallelism.* | | | [`time`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#module-time) | *Time access and conversions.* | | | [`timeit`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/timeit.html#module-timeit) | *Measure the execution time of small code snippets.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`tkinter`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html#module-tkinter) | *Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces* | | | [`token`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/token.html#module-token) | *Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree.* | | | [`tokenize`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tokenize.html#module-tokenize) | *Lexical scanner for Python source code.* | | | [`trace`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/trace.html#module-trace) | *Trace or track Python statement execution.* | | | [`traceback`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/traceback.html#module-traceback) | *Print or retrieve a stack traceback.* | | | [`tracemalloc`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tracemalloc.html#module-tracemalloc) | *Trace memory allocations.* | | | [`tty`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tty.html#module-tty) *(Unix)* | *Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations.* | | | [`turtle`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html#module-turtle) | *An educational framework for simple graphics applications* | | | [`turtledemo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html#module-turtledemo) | *A viewer for example turtle scripts* | | | [`types`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#module-types) | *Names for built-in types.* | | | [`typing`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#module-typing) | *Support for type hints (see :pep:\`484\`).* | | | | | | | **u** | | | | [`unicodedata`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unicodedata.html#module-unicodedata) | *Access the Unicode Database.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`unittest`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html#module-unittest) | *Unit testing framework for Python.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`urllib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.html#module-urllib) | | | | [`uu`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uu.html#module-uu) | *Encode and decode files in uuencode format.* | | | [`uuid`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html#module-uuid) | *UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122* | | | | | | | **v** | | | | [`venv`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html#module-venv) | *Creation of virtual environments.* | | | | | | | **w** | | | | [`warnings`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/warnings.html#module-warnings) | *Issue warning messages and control their disposition.* | | | [`wave`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/wave.html#module-wave) | *Provide an interface to the WAV sound format.* | | | [`weakref`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/weakref.html#module-weakref) | *Support for weak references and weak dictionaries.* | | | [`webbrowser`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/webbrowser.html#module-webbrowser) | *Easy-to-use controller for Web browsers.* | | | [`winreg`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/winreg.html#module-winreg) *(Windows)* | *Routines and objects for manipulating the Windows registry.* | | | [`winsound`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/winsound.html#module-winsound) *(Windows)* | *Access to the sound-playing machinery for Windows.* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`wsgiref`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref) | *WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation.* | | | | | | | **x** | | | | [`xdrlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/xdrlib.html#module-xdrlib) | *Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR).* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | [`xml`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.html#module-xml) | *Package containing XML processing modules* | | ![-](https://docs.python.org/3/_static/plus.png) | `xmlrpc` | | | | | | | | **z** | | | | [`zipapp`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipapp.html#module-zipapp) | *Manage executable Python zip archives* | | | [`zipfile`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipfile.html#module-zipfile) | *Read and write ZIP-format archive files.* | | | [`zipimport`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipimport.html#module-zipimport) | *Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives.* | | | [`zlib`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zlib.html#module-zlib) | *Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip.* | | | [`zoneinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zoneinfo.html#module-zoneinfo) | *IANA time zone support* |