Python
Last updated
Last updated
Getting Started
What is Python
Python Syntax
Variables
Operators
Arithmetic Operators (+
, -
, *
, /
, //
, %
, **
)
Bitwise Operators (&
, |
, ^
, >>
, <<
, ~
)
Assignment Operators (=
, +=
, -=
, /=
, //=
etc.)
Comparison Operator (==
, !=
, >
, <
, >=
, <=
)
Logical Operators (and
, or
, not
)
Identity Operators (is
, is not
)
Membership Operators (in
, not in
)
Data Types
Numbers (including booleans)
Strings and their methods
Lists and their methods (including list comprehensions)
Tuples
Sets and their methods
Dictionaries
Type Casting
Control Flow
The if
statement
The for
statement (and range()
function)
The while
statement
The try
statements
The break
statement
The continue
statement
Functions
Function Definition (def
and return
statements)
Scopes of Variables Inside Functions (global
and nonlocal
statements)
Default Argument Values
Keyword Arguments
Arbitrary Argument Lists
Unpacking Argument Lists (*
and **
statements)
Lambda Expressions (lambda
statement)
Documentation Strings
Function Annotations
Function Decorators
Classes
Class Definition (class
statement)
Class Objects
Instance Objects
Method Objects
Class and Instance Variables
Inheritance
Multiple Inheritance
Modules
Modules (import
statement)
Packages
Errors and Exceptions
Handling Exceptions (try
statement)
Raising Exceptions (raise
statement)
Files
Reading and Writing (with
statement)
Methods of File Objects
Additions
The pass
statement
Generators (yield
statement)
Brief Tour of the Standard Libraries
Serialization (json
library)
File Wildcards (glob
library)
String Pattern Matching (re
library)
Mathematics (math
, random
, statistics
libraries)
Dates and Times (datetime
library)
Data Compression (zlib
library)
User input
Terminal input (input
statement)
Installing Python
Make sure that you have Python3 installed on your machine.
You might want to use venv standard Python library to create virtual environments and have Python, pip and all dependent packages to be installed and served from the local project directory to avoid messing with system wide packages and their versions.
Depending on your installation you might have access to Python3 interpreter either by running python
or python3
. The same goes for pip package manager - it may be accessible either by running pip
or pip3
.
You may check your Python version by running:
Note that in this repository whenever you see python
it will be assumed that it is Python 3.
Installing dependencies
Install all dependencies that are required for the project by running:
Tests are made using pytest framework.
You may add new tests for yourself by adding files and functions with test_
prefix (i.e. test_topic.py
with def test_sub_topic()
function inside).
To run all the tests please execute the following command from the project root folder:
To run specific tests please execute:
Linting is done using pylint and flake8 libraries.
To check if the code is written with respect to PEP 8 style guide please run:
In case if linter will detect error (i.e. missing-docstring
) you may want to read more about specific error by running:
To check if the code is written with respect to PEP 8 style guide please run:
Or if you want to have more detailed output you may run: