')`
### Registering to CMS Events
You can execute a function when a specific CMS event occurs.
Example usage:
```
CMS.registerEventListener({
name: 'prePublish',
handler: ({ author, entry }) => console.log(JSON.stringify({ author, data: entry.get('data') })),
});
```
Supported events are `prePublish`, `postPublish`, `preUnpublish`, `postUnpublish`, `preSave` and `postSave`. The `preSave` hook can be used to modify the entry data like so:
```
CMS.registerEventListener({
name: 'preSave',
handler: ({ entry }) => {
return entry.get('data').set('title', 'new title');
},
});
```
### Dynamic Default Values
When linking to `/admin/#/collections/posts/new` you can pass URL parameters to pre-populate an entry.
For example given the configuration:
```
collections:
- name: posts
label: Posts
folder: content/posts
create: true
fields:
- label: Title
name: title
widget: string
- label: Object
name: object
widget: object
fields:
- label: Title
name: title
widget: string
- label: body
name: body
widget: markdown
```
clicking the following link: `/#/collections/posts/new?title=first&object.title=second&body=%23%20content`
will open the editor for a new post with the `title` field populated with `first`, the nested `object.title` field with `second` and the markdown `body` field with `# content`.
**Note:** URL Encoding might be required for certain values (e.g. in the previous example the value for `body` is URL encoded).
### Nested Collections
Allows a folder collection to show a nested structure of entries and edit the locations of the entries.
Example configuration:
```
collections:
- name: pages
label: Pages
label_singular: 'Page'
folder: content/pages
create: true
# adding a nested object will show the collection folder structure
nested:
depth: 100 # max depth to show in the collection tree
summary: '{{title}}' # optional summary for a tree node, defaults to the inferred title field
fields:
- label: Title
name: title
widget: string
- label: Body
name: body
widget: markdown
# adding a meta object with a path property allows editing the path of entries
# moving an existing entry will move the entire sub tree of the entry to the new location
meta: { path: { widget: string, label: 'Path', index_file: 'index' } }
```
Nested collections expect the following directory structure:
```
content
└── pages
├── authors
│ ├── author-1
│ │ └── index.md
│ └── index.md
├── index.md
└── posts
├── hello-world
│ └── index.md
└── index.md
```
### Remark plugins
You can register plugins to customize [`remark`](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark), the library used by the richtext editor for serializing and deserializing markdown.
```
// register a plugin
CMS.registerRemarkPlugin(plugin);
// provide global settings to all plugins, e.g. for customizing `remark-stringify`
CMS.registerRemarkPlugin({ settings: { bullet: '-' } });
```
Note that `netlify-widget-markdown` currently uses `remark@10`, so you should check a plugin's compatibility first.
## Add to Your Site
You can adapt Netlify CMS to a wide variety of projects. It works with any content written in markdown, JSON, YAML, or TOML files, stored in a repo on [GitHub](https://github.com), [GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com), or [Bitbucket](https://bitbucket.org). You can also create your own custom backend.
This tutorial guides you through the steps for adding Netlify CMS to a site that's built with a common [static site generator](https://www.staticgen.com), like Jekyll, Hugo, Hexo, or Gatsby. Alternatively, you can [start from a template](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/start-with-a-template) or dive right into [configuration options](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/configuration-options).
### App File Structure
A static `admin` folder contains all Netlify CMS files, stored at the root of your published site. Where you store this folder in the source files depends on your static site generator. Here's the static file location for a few of the most popular static site generators:
| These generators | store static files in |
| ------------------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| Jekyll, GitBook | `/` (project root) |
| Hugo, Gatsby, Nuxt, Gridsome, Zola, Sapper | `/static` |
| Next | `/public` |
| Hexo, Middleman, Jigsaw | `/source` |
| Spike | `/views` |
| Wyam | `/input` |
| Pelican | `/content` |
| VuePress | `/.vuepress/public` |
| Elmstatic | `/_site` |
| 11ty | `/_site` |
| preact-cli | `/src/static` |
If your generator isn't listed here, you can check its documentation, or as a shortcut, look in your project for a `css` or `images` folder. The contents of folders like that are usually processed as static files, so it's likely you can store your `admin` folder next to those. (When you've found the location, feel free to add it to these docs by [filing a pull request](https://github.com/netlify/netlify-cms/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#pull-requests)!)
Inside the `admin` folder, you'll create two files:
```
admin
├ index.html
└ config.yml
```
The first file, `admin/index.html`, is the entry point for the Netlify CMS admin interface. This means that users navigate to `yoursite.com/admin/` to access it. On the code side, it's a basic HTML starter page that loads the Netlify CMS JavaScript file. The second file, `admin/config.yml`, is the heart of your Netlify CMS installation, and a bit more complex. The [Configuration](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/add-to-your-site/#configuration) section covers the details.
In this example, we pull the `admin/index.html` file from a public CDN.
```
Content Manager
```
In the code above the `script` is loaded from the `unpkg` CDN. Should there be any issue, `jsDelivr` can be used as an alternative source. Simply set the `src` to `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/netlify-cms@^2.0.0/dist/netlify-cms.js`
#### Installing with npm
You can also use Netlify CMS as an npm module. Wherever you import Netlify CMS, it automatically runs, taking over the current page. Make sure the script that imports it only runs on your CMS page. First install the package and save it to your project:
```
npm install netlify-cms-app --save
```
Then import it (assuming your project has tooling for imports):
```
import CMS from 'netlify-cms-app'
// Initialize the CMS object
CMS.init()
// Now the registry is available via the CMS object.
CMS.registerPreviewTemplate('my-template', MyTemplate)
```
### Configuration
Configuration is different for every site, so we'll break it down into parts. Add all the code snippets in this section to your `admin/config.yml` file.
#### Backend
We're using [Netlify](https://www.netlify.com) for our hosting and authentication in this tutorial, so backend configuration is fairly straightforward.
For GitHub and GitLab repositories, you can start your Netlify CMS `config.yml` file with these lines:
```
backend:
name: git-gateway
branch: master # Branch to update (optional; defaults to master)
```
*(For Bitbucket repositories, use the* [*Bitbucket backend*](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/bitbucket-backend) *instructions instead.)*
The configuration above specifies your backend protocol and your publication branch. Git Gateway is an open source API that acts as a proxy between authenticated users of your site and your site repo. (We'll get to the details of that in the [Authentication section](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/add-to-your-site/#authentication) below.) If you leave out the `branch` declaration, it defaults to `master`.
#### Editorial Workflow
**Note:** Editorial workflow works with GitHub repositories, and support for GitLab and Bitbucket is [in beta](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/beta-features/#gitlab-and-bitbucket-editorial-workflow-support).
By default, saving a post in the CMS interface pushes a commit directly to the publication branch specified in `backend`. However, you also have the option to enable the [Editorial Workflow](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/configuration-options/#publish-mode), which adds an interface for drafting, reviewing, and approving posts. To do this, add the following line to your Netlify CMS `config.yml`:
```
# This line should *not* be indented
publish_mode: editorial_workflow
```
#### Media and Public Folders
Netlify CMS allows users to upload images directly within the editor. For this to work, the CMS needs to know where to save them. If you already have an `images` folder in your project, you could use its path, possibly creating an `uploads` sub-folder, for example:
```
# This line should *not* be indented
media_folder: "images/uploads" # Media files will be stored in the repo under images/uploads
```
If you're creating a new folder for uploaded media, you'll need to know where your static site generator expects static files. You can refer to the paths outlined above in [App File Structure](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/add-to-your-site/#app-file-structure), and put your media folder in the same location where you put the `admin` folder.
Note that the`media_folder` file path is relative to the project root, so the example above would work for Jekyll, GitBook, or any other generator that stores static files at the project root. However, it would not work for Hugo, Hexo, Middleman or others that store static files in a subfolder. Here's an example that could work for a Hugo site:
```
# These lines should *not* be indented
media_folder: "static/images/uploads" # Media files will be stored in the repo under static/images/uploads
public_folder: "/images/uploads" # The src attribute for uploaded media will begin with /images/uploads
```
The configuration above adds a new setting, `public_folder`. While `media_folder` specifies where uploaded files are saved in the repo, `public_folder` indicates where they are found in the published site. Image `src` attributes use this path, which is relative to the file where it's called. For this reason, we usually start the path at the site root, using the opening `/`.
*If `public_folder` is not set, Netlify CMS defaults to the same value as `media_folder`, adding an opening `/` if one is not included.*
#### Collections
Collections define the structure for the different content types on your static site. Since every site is different, the `collections` settings differ greatly from one site to the next.
Let's say your site has a blog, with the posts stored in `_posts/blog`, and files saved in a date-title format, like `1999-12-31-lets-party.md`. Each post begins with settings in yaml-formatted front matter, like so:
```
---
layout: blog
title: "Let's Party"
date: 1999-12-31 11:59:59 -0800
thumbnail: "/images/prince.jpg"
rating: 5
---
This is the post body, where I write about our last chance to party before the Y2K bug destroys us all.
```
Given this example, our `collections` settings would look like this in your NetlifyCMS `config.yml` file:
```
collections:
- name: "blog" # Used in routes, e.g., /admin/collections/blog
label: "Blog" # Used in the UI
folder: "_posts/blog" # The path to the folder where the documents are stored
create: true # Allow users to create new documents in this collection
slug: "{{year}}-{{month}}-{{day}}-{{slug}}" # Filename template, e.g., YYYY-MM-DD-title.md
fields: # The fields for each document, usually in front matter
- {label: "Layout", name: "layout", widget: "hidden", default: "blog"}
- {label: "Title", name: "title", widget: "string"}
- {label: "Publish Date", name: "date", widget: "datetime"}
- {label: "Featured Image", name: "thumbnail", widget: "image"}
- {label: "Rating (scale of 1-5)", name: "rating", widget: "number"}
- {label: "Body", name: "body", widget: "markdown"}
```
Let's break that down:
| | |
| -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `name` | Post type identifier, used in routes. Must be unique. |
| `label` | What the admin UI calls the post type. |
| `folder` | Where files of this type are stored, relative to the repo root. |
| `create` | Set to `true` to allow users to create new files in this collection. |
| `slug` | Template for filenames. `{{year}}`, `{{month}}`, and `{{day}}` pulls from the post's `date` field or save date. `{{slug}}` is a url-safe version of the post's `title`. Default is simply `{{slug}}`. |
| `fields` | Fields listed here are shown as fields in the content editor, then saved as front matter at the beginning of the document (except for body, which follows the front matter). Each field contains the following properties:
label: Field label in the editor UI.name: Field name in the document front matter.widget: Determines UI style and value data type (details below).default (optional): Sets a default value for the field.
|
As described above, the `widget` property specifies a built-in or custom UI widget for a given field. When a content editor enters a value into a widget, that value is saved in the document front matter as the value for the `name` specified for that field. A full listing of available widgets can be found in the [Widgets doc](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/widgets).
Based on this example, you can go through the post types in your site and add the appropriate settings to your Netlify CMS `config.yml` file. Each post type should be listed as a separate node under the `collections` field. See the [Collections reference doc](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/configuration-options/#collections) for more configuration options.
#### Filter
The entries for any collection can be filtered based on the value of a single field. The example collection below only shows post entries with the value `en` in the `language` field.
```
collections:
- name: "posts"
label: "Post"
folder: "_posts"
filter:
field: language
value: en
fields:
- {label: "Language", name: "language"}
```
### Authentication
Now that you have your Netlify CMS files in place and configured, all that's left is to enable authentication. We're using the [Netlify](https://www.netlify.com) platform here because it's one of the quickest ways to get started, but you can learn about other authentication options in the [Backends](https://www.netlifycms.org/docs/backends-overview) doc.
#### Setup on Netlify
Netlify offers a built-in authentication service called Identity. In order to use it, connect your site repo with Netlify. Netlify has published a general [Step-by-Step Guide](https://www.netlify.com/blog/2016/10/27/a-step-by-step-guide-deploying-a-static-site-or-single-page-app/) for this, along with detailed guides for many popular static site generators, including [Jekyll](https://www.netlify.com/blog/2015/10/28/a-step-by-step-guide-jekyll-3.0-on-netlify/), [Hugo](https://www.netlify.com/blog/2016/09/21/a-step-by-step-guide-victor-hugo-on-netlify/), [Hexo](https://www.netlify.com/blog/2015/10/26/a-step-by-step-guide-hexo-on-netlify/), [Middleman](https://www.netlify.com/blog/2015/10/01/a-step-by-step-guide-middleman-on-netlify/), [Gatsby](https://www.netlify.com/blog/2016/02/24/a-step-by-step-guide-gatsby-on-netlify/), and more.
#### Enable Identity and Git Gateway
Netlify's Identity and Git Gateway services allow you to manage CMS admin users for your site without requiring them to have an account with your Git host or commit access on your repo. From your site dashboard on Netlify:
1. Go to **Settings > Identity**, and select **Enable Identity service**.
2. Under **Registration preferences**, select **Open** or **Invite only**. In most cases, you want only invited users to access your CMS, but if you're just experimenting, you can leave it open for convenience.
3. If you'd like to allow one-click login with services like Google and GitHub, check the boxes next to the services you'd like to use, under **External providers**.
4. Scroll down to **Services > Git Gateway**, and click **Enable Git Gateway**. This authenticates with your Git host and generates an API access token. In this case, we're leaving the **Roles** field blank, which means any logged in user may access the CMS. For information on changing this, check the [Netlify Identity documentation](https://www.netlify.com/docs/identity/).
#### Add the Netlify Identity Widget
With the backend set to handle authentication, now you need a frontend interface to connect to it. The open source Netlify Identity Widget is a drop-in widget made for just this purpose. To include the widget in your site, add the following script tag in two places:
```
```
Add this to the `` of your CMS index page at `/admin/index.html`, as well as the `` of your site's main index page. Depending on how your site generator is set up, this may mean you need to add it to the default template, or to a "partial" or "include" template. If you can find where the site stylesheet is linked, that's probably the right place. Alternatively, you can include the script in your site using Netlify's [Script Injection](https://www.netlify.com/docs/inject-analytics-snippets/) feature.
When a user logs in with the Netlify Identity widget, an access token directs to the site homepage. In order to complete the login and get back to the CMS, redirect the user back to the `/admin/` path. To do this, add the following script before the closing `body` tag of your site's main index page:
```
```
Note: This example script requires modern JavaScript and does not work on IE11. For legacy browser support, use function expressions (`function () {}`) in place of the arrow functions (`() => {}`), or use a transpiler such as [Babel](https://babeljs.io).
### Accessing the CMS
Your site CMS is now fully configured and ready for login!
If you set your registration preference to "Invite only," invite yourself (and anyone else you choose) as a site user. To do this, select the **Identity** tab from your site dashboard, and then select the **Invite users** button. Invited users receive an email invitation with a confirmation link. Clicking the link will take you to your site with a login prompt.
If you left your site registration open, or for return visits after confirming an email invitation, access your site's CMS at `yoursite.com/admin/`.
**Note:** No matter where you access Netlify CMS — whether running locally, in a staging environment, or in your published site — it always fetches and commits files in your hosted repository (for example, on GitHub), on the branch you configured in your Netlify CMS config.yml file. This means that content fetched in the admin UI matches the content in the repository, which may be different from your locally running site. It also means that content saved using the admin UI saves directly to the hosted repository, even if you're running the UI locally or in staging.