> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://bryan-guner.gitbook.io/knowledge/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://bryan-guner.gitbook.io/knowledge/14-pure-education/knowledge-master/distributed-systems/crdt.md).

# Conflict-free replicated data type

## Notes

* [Distributed state is so fundamentally complex that I think we actually need CRDTs (or something like them) to reason about it effectively. And certainly to build reliable systems. The abstraction of a single, global, logical truth is so nice and tidy and appealing, but it becomes so leaky that I think all successful systems for distributed state will abandon it beyond a certain scale.](https://lobste.rs/s/9fufgr/i_was_wrong_crdts_are_future)

## Links

* [James Long - CRDTs for Mortals (2019)](https://www.dotconferences.com/2019/12/james-long-crdts-for-mortals)
* [Applied Monotonicity: A Brief History of CRDTs in Riak (2019)](http://christophermeiklejohn.com/erlang/lasp/2019/03/08/monotonicity.html)
* [Why CRDT didn't work out as well for collaborative editing xi-editor](https://github.com/xi-editor/xi-editor/issues/1187#issuecomment-491473599) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19886883))
* [How Figma’s multiplayer technology works (2019)](https://www.figma.com/blog/how-figmas-multiplayer-technology-works/)
* [HN thread on CRDT (2019)](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21464189)
* [An API for data that changes over time (2019)](https://josephg.com/blog/api-for-changes/)
* [Statecraft](https://github.com/josephg/statecraft) - Protocol and set of tools for interacting with data that changes over time.
* [Full implementation of CRDTs using hybrid logical apps and a demo app that uses it](https://github.com/jlongster/crdt-example-app)
* [Swarm.js](https://github.com/gritzko/swarm) - JavaScript replicated model (M of MVC) library.
* [To OT or CRDT, that is the question (2020)](https://www.tiny.cloud/blog/real-time-collaboration-ot-vs-crdt/) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22039950))
* [CRDTs wiki](https://crdt.tech/) ([Code](https://github.com/ept/crdt-website))
* [Awesome CRDT](https://github.com/alangibson/awesome-crdt)
* [Local-first packages & explorations](https://github.com/jaredly/local-first)
* [Automerge in JS](https://github.com/automerge/automerge) - JSON-like data structure (a CRDT) that can be modified concurrently by different users, and merged again automatically.
* [Automerge in Rust](https://github.com/alexjg/automerge-rs)
* [Peter Bourgon on CRDTs and State at the Edge (2020)](https://overcast.fm/+GdnXKIjWQ)
* [Moving Elements in List CRDTs](https://martin.kleppmann.com/papers/list-move-papoc20.pdf)
* [Chronofold: a data structure for versioned text (2020)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.09511v4)
* [roshi](https://github.com/soundcloud/roshi) - Large-scale CRDT set implementation for timestamped events.
* [CRDT benchmarks](https://github.com/dmonad/crdt-benchmarks) - Collection of reproducible benchmarks.
* [pony-crdt](https://github.com/jemc/pony-crdt) - Delta-State Convergent Replicated Data Types (ẟ-CRDTs) for the Pony language.
* [Jylis](https://github.com/jemc/jylis) - Distributed in-memory database for Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs), built for speed, scalability, availability, and ease of use.
* [An introduction to Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (2020)](https://lars.hupel.info/topics/crdt/01-intro) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23737639))
* [CRDTs: The Hard Parts (2020)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7drE24geUw) ([Abstract & References](https://martin.kleppmann.com/2020/07/06/crdt-hard-parts-hydra.html)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23802208))
* [CRDTs in a Nutshell (2020)](https://amattn.com/p/riaks_two_contentions_and_crdts.html) ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/ipbe60/crdts_nutshell))
* [A First Replicating Type (2020)](https://appdecentral.com/2020/07/22/a-first-replicating-type/)
* [Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) in Swift (2020)](https://appdecentral.com/2020/07/12/conflict-free-replicated-data-types-crdts-in-swift/)
* [Local-first software: You Own Your Data, in spite of the Cloud (2019)](https://www.inkandswitch.com/media/local-first/local-first.pdf) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24027663))
* [Are CRDTs suitable for shared editing? (2020)](https://blog.kevinjahns.de/are-crdts-suitable-for-shared-editing/)
* [Room Service](https://www.roomservice.dev/) - Faster-Than-Light Multiplayer Engine. ([Docs](https://www.roomservice.dev/docs))
* [I was wrong. CRDTs are the future (2020)](https://josephg.com/blog/crdts-are-the-future/) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24617542)) ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/9fufgr/i_was_wrong_crdts_are_future)) ([Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/j1hb3a/i_was_wrong_crdts_are_the_future/))
* [A Pragmatic Approach to Live Collaboration (2020)](https://hex.tech/blog/a-pragmatic-approach-to-live-collaboration)
* [Local First (2020)](https://brandur.org/nanoglyphs/014-local-first)
* [A Bluffers Guide to CRDTs in Riak](https://gist.github.com/russelldb/f92f44bdfb619e089a4d)
* [bft-crdts](https://github.com/davidrusu/bft-crdts) - Byzantine Fault Tolerant CRDT's and other Eventually Consistent Algorithms. In Rust.
* [Large-Scale Geo-Replicated Conflict-free Replicated Data Types](https://www.gsd.inesc-id.pt/~ler/reports/carlosbartolomeu-midterm.pdf)
* [CRDT notes](https://github.com/pfrazee/crdt_notes)
* [syncpad](https://github.com/Nishimura-Katsuo/syncpad) - CRDT-based collaborative source code editor (featuring the Monaco editor).