Bash

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TLCL-19.01.pdf

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Bash Builtins

List of bash shell builtins
Command	Description
(( ... ))	Evaluate arithmetic expression
.	Execute commands from a file in the current shell
:	Null command
[	Evaluate conditional expression
[[ ... ]]	Execute conditional command
alias	Define or display aliases
bg	Move jobs to the background
bind	Set Readline key bindings and variables
break	Exit for, while, or until loops
builtin	Execute shell builtins
caller	Return the context of the current subroutine call
case	Execute commands based on pattern matching
cd	Change the shell working directory
command	Execute a simple command or display information about commands
compgen	Display possible completions depending on the options
complete	Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline
compopt	Modify or display completion options
continue	Resume for, while, or until loops
coproc	Create a coprocess named NAME
declare	Set variable values and attributes
dirs	Display directory stack
disown	Remove jobs from current shell
echo	Write arguments to the standard output
enable	Enable and disable shell builtins
eval	Execute arguments as a shell command
exec	Replace the shell with the given command
exit	Exit the shell
export	Set export attribute for shell variables
false	Return an unsuccessful result
fc	Display or execute commands from the history list
fg	Move job to the foreground
for	Execute commands for each member in a list
function	Define shell function
getopts	Parse option arguments
hash	Remember or display program locations
help	Display information about builtin commands
history	Display or manipulate the history list
if	Execute commands based on conditional
jobs	Display status of jobs
kill	Send a signal to a job
let	Evaluate arithmetic expressions
local	Define local variables
logout	Exit a login shell
mapfile	Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable
popd	Remove directories from stack
printf	Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT
pushd	Add directories to stack
pwd	Print the name of the current working directory
read	Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields
readarray	Read lines from a file into an array variable
readonly	Mark shell variables as unchangeable
return	Return from a shell function
select	Select words from a list and execute commands
set	Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters
shift	Shift positional parameters
shopt	Set and unset shell options
source	Execute commands from a file in the current shell
suspend	Suspend shell execution
test	Evaluate conditional expression
time	Report time consumed by pipeline's execution
times	Display process times
trap	Trap signals and other events
true	Return a successful result
type	Display information about command type
typeset	Set variable values and attributes
ulimit	Modify shell resource limits
umask	Display or set file mode mask
unalias	Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases
unset	Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions
until	Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed
variables	Common shell variable names and usage
wait	Wait for job completion and return exit status
while	Execute commands as long as a test succeeds
{ ... }	Group commands as a unit

Coreutils - File Utilities

List of coreutils file utilities
Command	Description
chcon	Changes file security context (SELinux)
chgrp	Changes file group ownership
chown	Changes file ownership
chmod	Changes the permissions of a file or directory
cp	Copies a file or directory
dd	Copies and converts a file
df	Shows disk free space on file systems
dir	Is exactly like "ls -C -b". (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically.)
dircolors	Set up color for ls
install	Copies files and set attributes
ln	Creates a link to a file
ls	Lists the files in a directory
mkdir	Creates a directory
mkfifo	Makes named pipes (FIFOs)
mknod	Makes block or character special files
mktemp	Creates a temporary file or directory
mv	Moves files or rename files
realpath	Returns the resolved absolute or relative path for a file
rm	Removes (deletes) files, directories, device nodes and symbolic links
rmdir	Removes empty directories
shred	Overwrites a file to hide its contents, and optionally deletes it
sync	Flushes file system buffers
touch	Changes file timestamps
truncate	Shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size
vdir	Is exactly like "ls -l -b". (Files are by default listed in long format.)

Coreutils - Text Utilities

List of coreutils text utilities
Command	Description
b2sum	Computes and checks BLAKE2b message digest
base32	Encodes or decodes Base32, and prints result to standard output
base64	Encodes or decodes Base64, and prints result to standard output
cat	Concatenates and prints files on the standard output
cksum	Checksums and count the bytes in a file
comm	Compares two sorted files line by line
csplit	Splits a file into sections determined by context lines
cut	Removes sections from each line of files
expand	Converts tabs to spaces
fmt	Simple optimal text formatter
fold	Wraps each input line to fit in specified width
head	Outputs the first part of files
join	Joins lines of two files on a common field
md5sum	Computes and checks MD5 message digest
nl	Numbers lines of files
numfmt	Reformat numbers
od	Dumps files in octal and other formats
paste	Merges lines of files
ptx	Produces a permuted index of file contents
pr	Converts text files for printing
sha512sum	Computes and checks SHA-1/SHA-2 message digests
shuf	generate random permutations
sort	sort lines of text files
split	Splits a file into pieces
sum	Checksums and counts the blocks in a file
tac	Concatenates and prints files in reverse order line by line
tail	Outputs the last part of files
tr	Translates or deletes characters
tsort	Performs a topological sort
unexpand	Converts spaces to tabs
uniq	Removes duplicate lines from a sorted file
wc	Prints the number of bytes, words, and lines in files

Coreutils - Shell Utilities

List of coreutils shell utilities
Command	Description
arch	Prints machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
basename	Removes the path prefix from a given pathname
chroot	Changes the root directory
date	Prints or sets the system date and time
dirname	Strips non-directory suffix from file name
du	Shows disk usage on file systems
echo	Displays a specified line of text
env	Displays and modifies environment variables
expr	Evaluates expressions
factor	Factors numbers
false	Does nothing, but exits unsuccessfully
groups	Prints the groups of which the user is a member
hostid	Prints the numeric identifier for the current host
id	Prints real or effective UID and GID
link	Creates a link to a file
logname	Print the user's login name
nice	Modifies scheduling priority
nohup	Allows a command to continue running after logging out
nproc	Queries the number of (active) processors
pathchk	Checks whether file names are valid or portable
pinky	A lightweight version of finger
printenv	Prints environment variables
printf	Formats and prints data
pwd	Prints the current working directory
readlink	Displays value of a symbolic link
runcon	Run command with specified security context
seq	Prints a sequence of numbers
sleep	Delays for a specified amount of time
stat	Returns data about an inode
stdbuf	Controls buffering for commands that use stdio
stty	Changes and prints terminal line settings
tee	Sends output to multiple files
test	Evaluates an expression
timeout	Run a command with a time limit
true	Does nothing, but exits successfully
tty	Prints terminal name
uname	Prints system information
unlink	Removes the specified file using the unlink function
uptime	Tells how long the system has been running
users	Prints the user names of users currently logged into the current host
who	Prints a list of all users currently logged in
whoami	Prints the effective userid
yes	Prints a string repeatedly

Other Commands

List of other common commands
Command	Description
ascii	ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
aspell	Interactive spell checker
awk	Pattern scanning and processing language
bash	GNU Bourne-Again SHell
bc	An arbitrary precision calculator language
cal	Display a calendar
curl	Transfer a URL
file	Determine file type
find	Search for files in a directory hierarchy
gedit	Text editor for the GNOME Desktop
grep	Print lines matching a pattern
gunzip	Compress or expand files
gzip	Compress or expand files
less	Opposite of more
locate	Find files by name
look	Display lines beginning with a given string
lpr	Print files
man	Interface to the system reference manuals
mc	Visual shell for Unix-like systems.
mcedit	Internal file editor of GNU Midnight Commander.
more	File perusal filter for crt viewing
mount	Mount a filesystem
nano	Nano's ANOther editor, inspired by Pico
ps	Report a snapshot of the current processes.
scp	OpenSSH secure file copy
sed	Stream editor for filtering and transforming text
sftp	OpenSSH secure file transfer
ssh	OpenSSH remote login client
sqlite3	Command line interface for SQLite version 3
su	Run a command with substitute user and group ID
sudo	Execute a command as another user
tar	An archiving utility
tmux	Terminal multiplexer
top	Display Linux processes
tput	Initialize a terminal or query terminfo database
uptime	Tell how long the system has been running.
vim	Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
wget	Non-interactive network downloader.
which	Shows the full path of (shell) commands
zcat	Compress or expand files
zless	File perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text