style-loader

Style Loader

Adds CSS to the DOM by injecting a <style> tag

Install

npm install style-loader --save-dev

Usage

It's recommended to combine style-loader with the css-loader

component.js

import style from './file.css'

webpack.config.js

{
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          { loader: "style-loader" },
          { loader: "css-loader" }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Locals (CSS Modules)

When using local scoped CSS the module exports the generated identifiers (locals).

component.js

import style from './file.css'

style.className === "z849f98ca812"

`Url`

It's also possible to add a URL <link href="path/to/file.css" rel="stylesheet"> instead of inlining the CSS {String} with <style></style> tag.

import url from 'file.css'

webpack.config.js

{
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          { loader: "style-loader/url" },
          { loader: "file-loader" }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

<link rel="stylesheet" href="path/to/file.css">

ℹ️ Source maps and assets referenced with url: when style loader is used with { options: { sourceMap: true } } option, the CSS modules will be generated as Blobs, so relative paths don't work (they would be relative to chrome:blob or chrome:devtools). In order for assets to maintain correct paths setting output.publicPath property of webpack configuration must be set, so that absolute paths are generated. Alternatively you can enable the convertToAbsoluteUrls option mentioned above.

`Useable`

The style-loader injects the styles lazily making them useable on-demand via style.use() / style.unuse()

By convention the Reference Counter API should be bound to .useable.css and the .css should be loaded with basic style-loader usage.(similar to other file types, i.e. .useable.less and .less).

webpack.config.js

{
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          { loader: "style-loader" },
          { loader: "css-loader" },
        ],
      },
      {
        test: /\.useable\.css$/,
        use: [
          {
            loader: "style-loader/useable"
          },
          { loader: "css-loader" },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
}

Reference Counter API

component.js

import style from './file.css'

style.use(); // = style.ref();
style.unuse(); // = style.unref();

Styles are not added on import/require(), but instead on call to use/ref. Styles are removed from page if unuse/unref is called exactly as often as use/ref.

⚠️ Behavior is undefined when unuse/unref is called more often than use/ref. Don't do that.

Options

Name Type Default Description

Name	Type	Default	Description
`hmr`	`{Boolean}`	`true`	Enable/disable Hot Module Replacement (HMR), if disabled no HMR Code will be added (good for non local development/production)
`base`	`{Number}`	`true`	Set module ID base (DLLPlugin)
`attrs`	`{Object}`	`{}`	Add custom attrs to `<style></style>`
`transform`	`{Function}`	`false`	Transform/Conditionally load CSS by passing a transform/condition function
`insertAt`	`{String\|Object}`	`bottom`	Inserts `<style></style>` at the given position
`insertInto`	`{String\|Function}`	`<head>`	Inserts `<style></style>` into the given position
`singleton`	`{Boolean}`	`undefined`	Reuses a single `<style></style>` element, instead of adding/removing individual elements for each required module.
`sourceMap`	`{Boolean}`	`false`	Enable/Disable Sourcemaps
`convertToAbsoluteUrls`	`{Boolean}`	`false`	Converts relative URLs to absolute urls, when source maps are enabled

hmr

{Boolean}

true

Enable/disable Hot Module Replacement (HMR), if disabled no HMR Code will be added (good for non local development/production)

base

{Number}

true

Set module ID base (DLLPlugin)

attrs

{Object}

{}

Add custom attrs to <style></style>

transform

{Function}

false

Transform/Conditionally load CSS by passing a transform/condition function

insertAt

{String|Object}

bottom

Inserts <style></style> at the given position

insertInto

{String|Function}

<head>

Inserts <style></style> into the given position

singleton

{Boolean}

undefined

Reuses a single <style></style> element, instead of adding/removing individual elements for each required module.

sourceMap

{Boolean}

false

Enable/Disable Sourcemaps

convertToAbsoluteUrls

{Boolean}

false

Converts relative URLs to absolute urls, when source maps are enabled

`hmr`

Enable/disable Hot Module Replacement (HMR), if disabled no HMR Code will be added. This could be used for non local development and production.

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    hmr: false
  }
}

`base`

This setting is primarily used as a workaround for css clashes when using one or more DllPlugin's. base allows you to prevent either the app's css (or DllPlugin2's css) from overwriting DllPlugin1's css by specifying a css module id base which is greater than the range used by DllPlugin1 e.g.:

webpack.dll1.config.js

{
  test: /\.css$/,
  use: [
    'style-loader',
    'css-loader'
  ]
}

webpack.dll2.config.js

{
  test: /\.css$/,
  use: [
    { loader: 'style-loader', options: { base: 1000 } },
    'css-loader'
  ]
}

webpack.app.config.js

{
  test: /\.css$/,
  use: [
    { loader: 'style-loader', options: { base: 2000 } },
    'css-loader'
  ]
}

`attrs`

If defined, style-loader will attach given attributes with their values on <style> / <link> element.

component.js

import style from './file.css'

webpack.config.js

{
  test: /\.css$/,
  use: [
    { loader: 'style-loader', options: { attrs: { id: 'id' } } }
    { loader: 'css-loader' }
  ]
}

<style id="id"></style>

Url

component.js

import link from './file.css'

webpack.config.js

{
  test: /\.css$/,
  use: [
    { loader: 'style-loader/url', options: { attrs: { id: 'id' } } }
    { loader: 'file-loader' }
  ]
}

`transform`

A transform is a function that can modify the css just before it is loaded into the page by the style-loader. This function will be called on the css that is about to be loaded and the return value of the function will be loaded into the page instead of the original css. If the return value of the transform function is falsy, the css will not be loaded into the page at all.

⚠️ In case you are using ES Module syntax in tranform.js then, you need to transpile it or otherwise it will throw an {Error}.

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    transform: 'path/to/transform.js'
  }
}

transform.js

module.exports = function (css) {
  // Here we can change the original css
  const transformed = css.replace('.classNameA', '.classNameB')

  return transformed
}

Conditional

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    transform: 'path/to/conditional.js'
  }
}

conditional.js

module.exports = function (css) {
  // If the condition is matched load [and transform] the CSS
  if (css.includes('something I want to check')) {
    return css;
  }
  // If a falsy value is returned, the CSS won't be loaded
  return false
}

`insertAt`

By default, the style-loader appends <style> elements to the end of the style target, which is the <head> tag of the page unless specified by insertInto. This will cause CSS created by the loader to take priority over CSS already present in the target. To insert style elements at the beginning of the target, set this query parameter to 'top', e.g

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    insertAt: 'top'
  }
}

A new <style> element can be inserted before a specific element by passing an object, e.g.

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    insertAt: {
        before: '#id'
    }
  }
}

`insertInto`

By default, the style-loader inserts the <style> elements into the <head> tag of the page. If you want the tags to be inserted somewhere else you can specify a CSS selector for that element here. If you target an IFrame make sure you have sufficient access rights, the styles will be injected into the content document head.

You can also pass function to override default behavior and insert styles in your container, e.g

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    insertInto: () => document.querySelector("#root"),
  }
}

Using function you can insert the styles into a ShadowRoot, e.g

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    insertInto: () => document.querySelector("#root").shadowRoot,
  }
}

`singleton`

If defined, the style-loader will reuse a single <style></style> element, instead of adding/removing individual elements for each required module.

ℹ️ This option is on by default in IE9, which has strict limitations on the number of style tags allowed on a page. You can enable or disable it with the singleton option.

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    singleton: true
  }
}

`sourceMap`

Enable/Disable source map loading

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    sourceMap: true
  }
}

`convertToAbsoluteUrls`

If convertToAbsoluteUrls and sourceMaps are both enabled, relative urls will be converted to absolute urls right before the css is injected into the page. This resolves an issue where relative resources fail to load when source maps are enabled. You can enable it with the convertToAbsoluteUrls option.

webpack.config.js

{
  loader: 'style-loader',
  options: {
    sourceMap: true,
    convertToAbsoluteUrls: true
  }
}

Maintainers

Alexander Krasnoyarov

Tobias Koppers

Kees Kluskens

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Last updated 2 years ago